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An entire topic will be dedicated to discussing the Ekpe society and its legacy in the near future. The Ekpe was vested with the powers of policing and bringing justice to the Efik kingdom. It proved to be the source of supreme authority in all Efik towns, and its institutions provided, in the past, the highest court whose verdicts transcended all else. [61] Due to the fall in global demand for slaves and several other factors, the kings and chiefs of Old Calabar wrote to the British requesting that they send teachers and missionaries to Old Calabar to establish industries and introduce the religion of the white man to them. This village was originally named Ta Set Maat. One of such accounts was given at a court case by Prince Bassey Duke in 1917 where he stated, "The Efiks were originally Ibo descendants. Internal details about the membership and brotherhood demands of this ancient group is supposedly a top secret known only to the members. Ekpe is a mysterious spirit who is supposed to live in the jungle and to preside at the ceremonies of the society. [52] The breach of agreement to halt such practices was punished by blowing Ekpe on Obutong and forbidding funeral rites of the chief until the murderers were brought to justice. In this light, the Cameroon National Council of Traditional Rulers would be a welcomed . Only males can join, boys being initiated about the age of puberty. [46] On their exit from Obutong, they are believed to have sought the permission of Oku Atai to use the Ntinya. Ekpe Efik was used as a government instrument in Bakassi in exercising authority for more than 200 years ago [4]. [27] A number of reasons have been given on why the Efik left Uruan. The Ekpe society, the regulatory society in Manyu Division also fixed a heavy fine on any defaulter. [38] The Efik bard Adiaha Etim Anua recites in her 1910 ballad that "Mkpana Ndodoghi Edik. The Ogboni fraternity is said to have a strong affiliation to royalty, gerontological system of governance and the law enforcement of the community. Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting. Due to the number of unfortunate incidents at Ikpa Ene and Ndodoghi, the Efik sought to leave these islands. [52] A number of people were hanged, shot and buried with the late chief according to the custom. The society combines a kind of freemasonry with political and law enforcing aims. Known generally as Ekpe, Egbo, Ngbe, or Ugbe among the multi-lingual groups in the region, these closed groups all used the leopard as a symbol of masculine prowess in war and political authority in their various communities. The Efik (Calabar) caste structure of Ekpe . These drums are a regional phenomenon; they are not identified with any particular ethnic community, nor with any specific cultural group or initiation club. What is a Free Agent "A free agent is one who isn't privileged with even one pure Leopard spiritline from the survivors of the Great Attempt. It is a male-only society, and members are bound by secrecy. National Museum of African American History and Culture. Among these cuisines include Ekpang nkukwo, Edikang Ikong, Afia efere, Anyan Ekpang, Afang soup and several others. It became a truly multi-group society, finding its' way to almost all groups in the region and gaining dominance in . [1] Ekpe members always wear masks when performing their police duties, and although individuals may nonetheless be recognized, fear of retribution from the ikan stops people from accusing those members who may overstep their limits. One of the most important castes in this society is the jeli caste. ukara: Ritual Cloth of the Ekpe Society features the ukara cloth, a composite signifier of authority, prestige, sacrality, difference, and social mobility in the Ekpe secret society in the Cross river basin encompassing southeastern Nigeria and parts of Cameroon. a warrior-hunter who, despite having been a cripple, becomes the founder of an empire. "[35] Simmons assertion which was made in his 1958 dissertation is similarly reiterated at the Hart's enquiry in 1964 by chiefs such as Chief Efiom Obo Effanga of Obutong. The doomsday cult is a sinister transnational cult that has paved its way from the west and Asian world into some African countries including Uganda and South Africa. expectations of the members to prioritize the group over their own families. Prior to the introduction of industrialised cubic-shaped seasonings such as maggi and know, Crayfish was used to make meals more spicy. Modern Efik society is a melting pot of people of diverse origin. The three most popular theories include an Igbo origin, Ibibio origin and Palestinian origin. [26][28] This theory was narrated at the Hart's enquiry by Etubom Ededem Ekpenyong Oku but has been criticised by Uruan writers such as Dominic Essien. Right now, Ekpe . Osirica brotherhood is the root of all the mason societies, dating back around 2300 B.C. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the ancestors (ikan). Alternate titles: Egbo, Ekpo, Leopard society. Ekpe is a mysterious spirit who is supposed to live in the jungle and to preside at the ceremonies of the society. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Large amounts of pepper was also uncommon in Efik cuisines. Although Behrendt and Graham reveal that Calabar had been a major trading port since the first half of the seventeenth century, Efik historians such as Aye assert that the Efik had been trading with the Europeans since the last quarter of the 15th century. They came from Mbiak Creek in Ibibio country. [40] The outcome of the fall of the tree led to several deaths in their clan. [45] What is most certain is that the Efik arrived Creek Town led by Edidem Eyo Ema Atai together with Oku Atai Atai Ema Atai, Ukpong Atai Atai Ema Atai, Adim Atai Atai Ema Atai, Efiom Ekpo Efiom Ekpo and several others. Wake Keeping, Viewing and service in Dallas, Texas. Plenty sugar cane live here and if some man must come for teach book proper, and make all men saby God like white man, and then we go on for same fashion. [36] According to Aye, "Ikpa Ene could not carry the bulk of Iboku population, Ndodoghi had to accommodate what spilt over, and the two settlements, still under one rule, were separated by the left branch of the river which became their "inland sea". the exhibition explores the long- English language is spoken in the South-Western part of Cameroon. "[18] References to the Igbo origin of the Efik were also made at the Hart's enquiry into the Obongship dispute where Etubom Efiom Obo Effanga asserted that the term "Iboku" meant quarrelsome Igbos. two young foreign men to whom she gives the power to defeat her. [64] They insisted that Obutong be completely destroyed. They give me thesum of $1,200,000 and many thing. Among these included Yams, Fufu and an unidentified type of black soup frequently mentioned in 19th century Old Calabar literature. At Ughoton, to the southwest of Benin, a different type of mask is used, in the cult. [51] Due to the custom of killing twins, Edem Efiom is said to have aided Okoho Efiom in sneaking out of Creek town to Nsutana. The Efik Language and Its Future. That is why Sisiku Ojong Orock after consultation with the other Ekpe members and Sisiku Mfonten Mbu decided to acquire his own Nkanda Lodge in April 2003. (1985). Prior to 1905, Old Calabar was a term used to describe the Efik settlements of Duke Town, Creek Town, Old town, Cobham town, Henshaw town, Adiabo and Mbiabo (consisting of Mbiabo edere, Mbiabo Ikot Offiong and Mbiabo Ikoneto). Archaeological evidence found that the group was extremely advanced in education for its time, and headed the construction of the Valley of the Kings. authority as head of the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society. Children of Efik maternal descent are still regarded as Efik and have contributed to the development of the Efik society. [45] Eyo Ema's people occupied Otung in the south of Creek Town, Adim Atai and Ukpong Atai occupied the east and Efiom Ekpo's family occupied the Adakuko in the west. The indigenous drums of the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon are distinctive for their "wedge and ring" method of tightening the skin. The process of creating this richly symbolic cloth is laborious. [38] It is believed that it was at Ndodoghi that many of the Abayen clan had died from crocodile attacks. [37] The items believed to have been taken include Ikpaya (woven raffia robe), Akata (throne) and Ayang (Broom). [30][31] Another reason given by Etubom Ededem Ekpenyong Oku asserts that the Uruan accused the Efik of wizardry and of being responsible for the frequent seizure of their children by crocodiles. One theory states that the Efik and Uruan had separate religious customs and the Efik refused to worship the Uruan deity Atakpor Uruan Inyang. [49] Several events at Creek town later led to a wave of migration from Creek town to Duke town. Efik populations are found in the following regions: Secret societies aided in the maintaining of law and order at Old Calabar. The main proponents of what is described as "Palestinean origin" is Eyo Okon Akak who wrote the book, "The Palestine origin of the Efik". Enyi laja na lasha b nyeere ha aka idi nsogbu nd baara ha. Upon leaving the Cameroon territory, the Ibibio arrived at their present location following two major directions. We are about loving, encouraging, embracing, teaching, and building with black people. Living in what is now Southeast Nigeria and Southwest Cameroon, the people were physically divided by British and German colonial holdings in Africa. Additional Touches Ethnographic - (Head crest, Ejagham People): Worn by a member of the Ekpe Society to intimidate and punish anyone who has broken tribal law. [33][34] Abasi is said to have borrowed an axe from an Uruan woman and had broken the axe. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. Ekpe Society Emblem, Ejaham, Cameroon Dog Fetish, Vili, Congo Mlbuya (sickness) mask, Pende, Zaire Nimba Mask, Baga, Guinea Picasso Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 (detail) Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 (detail) Bust of a Woman, 1931 Tte de taureau (Bull's Head), 1942 La chvre (The goat) 1950 Other references The designs are part of a dynamic language known as nsibidi, which uses image and gestural performance to communicate knowledge guarded by society members. Alcoholic content may be increased via adding the red bark of Edat (Sacoglottis gabonensis) to the wine. The Ekpe Society or Mgbe society as it is also fondly called is very reputable and covers a wider range of ethnic groups such as: the Efut; the Efik; the Qua-Ejegham, and the Okonko ( the Igbo-speaking areas). ,sister Watz. [47], By the seventeenth century, more Efik settlements had been founded. It was worth every penny and made me feel like a kid again. Each grade has a chieftain or an Obong. The practice and display of Ekpe masquerade have been modified. Many families sent their children to European captains to teach them English and the processes involved in the international trade. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the [15] This theory appears to be isolated as other Ibibio writers do not narrate that such terms were used by the Ibibio. In the case of the latter, in the heat of the confusion, villagers would be kidnapped and sent to Calabar were they were sold. Corrections? The society is still active at the beginning of the 21st century, now playing more of a ceremonial role. Prior to the inception of the transatlantic slave trade, the Efik had experienced a series of migration before their arrival along the coasts of Old Calabar. Resume: La communaure cubaine Abakua-descendantedes communautes :EB:k Ekpe et Ejagham ~gbedu Sud Est du Nigeria etdu Sud Ouest du Cameroun-a ete fondee ala Havane dans les annees 1830 par des leaders captures des villages de Cross River. One theory asserts that Ukpong Atai Atai Ema Atai, Adim Atai Atai Ema Atai and other co-founders founded Obutong after one of Eyo Ema's people was killed during a wrestling match with Ukpong Atai at Creek town. The Efik speak the Efik language which is a member of the Benue -Congo subfamily of the Niger - Congo language group. Our newsletter gives you access to a curated selection of the most important stories daily. The Ekpo society uses black masks, often of naturalistic appearance and with movable jaws, to maintain social order and propitiate the ancestors; some of these masks represent disease and deformity. To be a member, one must be a part of Yoruba nobility. I'm still struggling to understand her choice. by Web Services Editor. LEFT Ekpe cage during Ikot Ekpe ritual in 2009. Ekpe could take life and could give it; it could condemn a whole town to a heavy fine and was promptly paid; it could punish offenders and could forgive; even kings and Obongs could never escape Ekpe laws and edicts.[69]. Iboku, Enwang, Usukakpa and Abayen. Thanks for signing up for our daily insight on the African economy. The images, ideology, and secrecy associated with kp have been studied for more than one hundred years, and yet crucial features of the history of kp and its transformation have been neglected. [65] Although the missionaries and rulers of Creek town and Duke town protested, their protests fell on deaf ears. Hood Quarterly, spring 2015 This exhibition examines the ukara cloth of the Ekpe secret society, a multi-ethnic all-male association in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon, exploring both the longstanding cultural practice the cloth represents and the artistic process involved in its creation. [51] The Enwang people moved to the present site of Henshaw town.[51]. [66] The Efik in Nigeria have Nkanda as the basic Ekpe whereas, in Cameroon we have Ekpe as the starting point in Ekpe. Hope Waddell, Samuel Edgerley and four others. Simple theme. Write the meaning in the blank. jamba juice turmeric smoothie recipe; sainsbury's locksbottom parking charges; ekpe society cameroon; June 11, 2022; small mortuary obituaries mobile, alabama . The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, and western Cameroon. Talbot asserts that a great cotton tree had fallen down on many of the Abayen and in their pride of numbers, they believed they could hold the cotton tree. http://Ekpesociety.blogspot.com; www.ekpe.org; http://Ekpesocietyusa.blogspot.com; http://ndiboyevengo.blogspot.com, Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting, Ekpe Chief Maurice Enoh's funeral in Dallas on January 27th and 28th 2012, Maurice Enoh: The 1st Manyu Ekpe USA Sessekou to die in USA, Maurice Enoh returning from his crowning ceremony as Ekpe Chief in Kepelle Village, Ekpe-USA received at the Smithsonian Museum. These lettere were heeded to and in April 1846, the first missionaries arrived Old Calabar. The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, and western Cameroon. Having associated broadly with foreigners in the pre-colonial era and . Opinions expressed belong solely to the author and do not represent the views of other Members, Management, or the Community at large. Jeffreys also stated, "There is reason to believe that a considerable portion of a small Ibibio clan called Ebrutu or Eburutu was the earliest stock of the Efik; for, when the missionaries settled in 1846 at Old Calabar amongst these people for the first time, it was found that they called themselves not Efik but Ebrutu or Ebrutu Efik. Ikpa Ene was a virgin island on the banks of the Cross river. [47] Antia Ekot Otong is regarded as one of the descendants of the patriarch Otong Ama Ide. By the 18th and 19th centuries, the Efik strategy for filling the international demand for slaves was via obtaining slaves from inland slave traders such as Eniong, Ndokki and Arochukwu. [69] The Ekpe spirit cannot be seen by the uninitiated and is represented by Idem Iquo, a masquerade dressed in Esk, a multicoloured costume decorated with other traditional accoutrements. [76] Uffp (native gin) is distilled from palm wine and is sometimes mixed with the bark of Edat to increase the alcoholic content. Ekpe translates to Leopard in the Efik language and is believed to be a spirit that resides in the forest. They use a variety of masks to execute social control. Festival organised by Global Music Exchange (ht. The Leopard Society was allegedly a cannibalistic society in the early-to-mid 2oth century in Sierra Leone, Libera and Cte dIvoire. The Efik people speak the Efik language, which is a BenueCongo language of the Cross River family. ________. The design is left to the discretion of the Ezillo creators, who are not Ekpe members and do not know the meanings of nsibidi. It may not display this or other websites correctly. For the surname, see, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Art and Life in Africa: Eket Information" University of Iowa, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekpe&oldid=1101939539, This page was last edited on 2 August 2022, at 15:27. Her behavior at the board meeting was obsequious\mathit{obsequious}obsequious; for example, she actually offered to wash the company president's car! The Ekpe society may be regarded as one of the most important institutions among the Efik people. [34], On leaving the Uruan country, the Efik migrated to Ikpa Ene which is nicknamed Akani Obio Efik(English: Old Efik island). One of Thompson's pupils, Ivor Miller, has now produced a noteworthy study, concentrating specifically on one particular secret society, Ekpe, of the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon; its transfiguration on Cuban soil into the Abakua society; and the ensuing effect of Abakua in shaping all aspects of the . "[20] The article was a not-so-deep exploration of indigenous African writing systems and languages. Oge ruru ka laja nyefee lasha r ya ma gaa rwa r e nyere ya ebe z. In Cuba, the Ekoi are always evoked as early founders of the Abaku society,18 and their spirits are worshiped. Goldie describes Eburutu as a country that consists of various ethnic groups. Letters were also sent by King Eyo Honesty II to introduce missionaries and technocrats into the country with emphasis on the latter. [16] Baikie said Ibibio are traced to the Igbo. Essentially the leopard is a sign of royalty all over Central West Africa and the Calabar zone, and it's a symbol of their political autonomy. I bought a $140,000 mobile home in a million-dollar LA neighborhood and love it. The presentation, by Ekpe members from Cameroon, Nigeria and Cuba was arranged by Chief Dr. Ivor Miller and coordinated by Sessekous Ojong-Orock, Joseph Mbu and Mbe Tazi. That it was through the Qua [an Ejagham or Ekoi stock], that the secret of Ekpe cult diffused to Calabar. The year 1841 marked the official signing of papers by Efik kings to stop the exportation of slaves from Old Calabar. You been do very proper for we, and now we want to keep proper mouth. The Oroko (also Bareka/Batekka) are an ethnic group in Cameroon.They belong to the coastal Bantu group, widely known as Sawa, and primarily occupy the Ndian and Meme divisions of the Southwest Region of Cameroon.The people predominantly speak Oroko, English, and Cameroon Pidgin English.The Oroko are related to several ethnic groups (or tribes) in Cameroon's coastal areas, with whom they share . Jeffreys states that a disruption among the Okobo around the town of Ekeya in the Eket district led to the founding of Obutong. Among these laws were the Abolition of twin-killings, abolition of the esere bean ordeal, abolition of human sacrifices and several other practices. For the first time in history, Ekpe had a presentation at the highest institution of cultural anthropology in the world, the Smithsonian Museum. [51] The Enwang people who were fishing at Duke town saw the twins approaching and fled in terror saying "Mbiomo oduk ine"(English: A curse has befalling our fishing sites). On behalf of Ekpe-USA Leadership, I hereby remind every member of Ngbe who has taken the aoth that our fathers and great grand fathers took to uphold those sacred traditions and beliefs, to immediately start preparations to do what they must do to send our brother to join our ancestors. Infact; there can be no-gainsay of the USAK-EDET People (ISANGELE) being the originators of this highly acclaimed Ekpe Society that the EFIKS, led by EFFA EFFIWAT later on used in subduing their subjects of EFUTS, (i.e. After the tapping process, the wine is left to ferment for five hours. [32] Oku adds that the Uruan were adverse to the Efik custom of burying strangers with their dead and did not share in the practice carried out by the Efik. In a Somali tale, the main character, Eghal Shillet, is: a braggart and coward who finds every possible excuse to avoid going into battle. The primary society is located in the Cross River, Akwa Ibom and Arochukwu areas of Nigeria, and the secondary society consists of members from the Southern and Eastern Igbo groups of the same country. Some of the musical instruments that are important in the culture we have discussed are: the bala (balaphon), a kind of xylophone, and the kora, a gourd harp. [32] Aye argues that the Efik could not have taken the royal emblem of the Uruan people as they would have already had their own royal emblem. [50] Okoho Efiom bore twins whose paternal parentage have often been debated. Law and order in Efik society was maintained via a number of secret societies. It is not just because of its spiritual or cultic functions but for the fact that the institution was a pre-colonial police judiciary system (Bassey, 1998). [12], The Efik were noted for their involvement in the slave trade were they acted as slave traders and middlemen between the inland slave traders and the Europeans. Black Spirituality / Religion - General Discussion, http://odinanilawsofnature.wordpress.com/2010/11/10/finding-god-in-nature/, http://tourismafricana.com/origin-history-ekpe-soceity.html. Gelede Egbe: Yoruba Women's Sacred Society. Also i want bomb and shell. [13] Throughout the centuries, Efik traders traded with the Portuguese, Dutch, English and French. [34] When the Uruan woman realised that Abasi had broken her axe, she insisted that the axe should be repaired. And there are definitely more than 10 Ekpe members still around today. The Efik language also borrows words from other ethnic groups such as Balondo, Oron, Efut, Okoyong, Efiat and Ekoi (Qua).
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